Fluctuation-dissipation theorem

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is given by

$\left.B\right.=\zeta k_{B}T$

where B represents random noise or a fluctuating force, $\zeta$ is a dissipative or frictional force, $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature.

References

1. H. Nyquist "Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors", Physical Review 32 pp. 110 - 113 (1928)
2. Herbert B. Callen and Theodore A. Welton "Irreversibility and Generalized Noise", Physical Review 83 pp. 34 - 40 (1951)
3. Herbert B. Callen and Richard F. Greene "On a Theorem of Irreversible Thermodynamics", Physical Review 86 pp. 702 - 710 (1952)
4. Richard F. Greene and Herbert B. Callen "On a Theorem of Irreversible Thermodynamics. II ", Physical Review 88 pp. 1387 - 1391 (1952)
5. Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi, Andrea Puglisi, Lamberto Rondoni, and Angelo Vulpiani "Fluctuation–dissipation: Response theory in statistical physics", Physics Reports 461 pp. 111-195 (2008)