LaTeX math markup

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Note: this page is a subsection of the Wikipedia page Help:Displaying a formula.

[edit] Subscripts, superscripts, integrals

FeatureSyntaxHow it looks rendered
HTMLPNG
Superscripta^2a2a^2 \,\!
Subscripta_2a2a_2 \,\!
Groupinga^{2+2}a2 + 2a^{2+2}\,\!
a_{i,j}ai,ja_{i,j}\,\!
Combining sub & superx_2^3x_2^3
Preceding and/or Additional sub & super\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b
{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4
Stacking \overset{\alpha}{\omega}\overset{\alpha}{\omega}
\underset{\alpha}{\omega}\underset{\alpha}{\omega}
\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}
\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}
Derivative (forced PNG)x', y, f', f\! x', y'', f', f''\!
Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML)x', y, f', fx',y'',f',f''x', y'', f', f''\!
Derivative (wrong in HTML)x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}\,\!
Derivative (wrong in PNG)x\prime, y\prime\primex\prime, y\prime\primex\prime, y\prime\prime\,\!
Derivative dots\dot{x}, \ddot{x}\dot{x}, \ddot{x}
Underlines, overlines, vectors\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c
\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}
\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}
Arrows A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C
Overbraces\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}
Underbraces\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}
Sum\sum_{k=1}^N k^2\sum_{k=1}^N k^2
Sum (force \textstyle)\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 \textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2
Product\prod_{i=1}^N x_i\prod_{i=1}^N x_i
Product (force \textstyle)\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i
Coproduct\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i
Coproduct (force \textstyle)\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i
Limit\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
Limit (force \textstyle)\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
Integral\int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx\int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx
Integral (force \textstyle)\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx
Double integral\iint\limits_{D} \, dx\,dy\iint\limits_{D} \, dx\,dy
Triple integral\iiint\limits_{E} \, dx\,dy\,dz\iiint\limits_{E} \, dx\,dy\,dz
Quadruple integral\iiiint\limits_{F} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt\iiiint\limits_{F} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt
Path integral\oint\limits_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy\oint\limits_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy
Intersections\bigcap_1^{n} p\bigcap_1^{n} p
Unions\bigcup_1^{k} p\bigcup_1^{k} p

[edit] Fractions, matrices, multilines

Feature Syntax How it looks rendered
Fractions \frac{2}{4}=0.5 \frac{2}{4}=0.5
Small Fractions \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5
Large (normal) Fractions \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5
Large (nested) Fractions \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a
Binomial coefficients \binom{n}{k} \binom{n}{k}
Small Binomial coefficients \tbinom{n}{k} \tbinom{n}{k}
Large (normal) Binomial coefficients \dbinom{n}{k} \dbinom{n}{k}
Matrices 
\begin{matrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{matrix}
 \begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} 
\begin{vmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{vmatrix}
 \begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix} 
\begin{Vmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
 \begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix} 
\begin{bmatrix}
  0      & \cdots & 0      \\
  \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 
  0      & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
 \begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0\end{bmatrix} 
\begin{Bmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
 \begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix} 
\begin{pmatrix}
  x & y \\
  z & v 
\end{pmatrix}
 \begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix} 
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
  a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
Case distinctions 
f(n) = 
\begin{cases} 
  n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\
  3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} 
\end{cases}
 f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}
Multiline equations 
\begin{align}
 f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
      & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
\end{align}
\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ \end{align} 
\begin{alignat}{2}
 f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
      & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
\end{alignat}
\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\ \end{alignat}
Multiline equations (must define number of colums used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed) 
\begin{array}{lcl}
  z        & = & a \\
  f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z  
\end{array}
 \begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}
Multiline equations (more) 
\begin{array}{lcr}
  z        & = & a \\
  f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z     
\end{array}
 \begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}
Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary 

<math>f(x) \,\!</math>
<math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math>
<math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>

f(x) \,\!= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n = a_0 +a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots

Simultaneous equations 
\begin{cases}
    3x + 5y +  z \\
    7x - 2y + 4z \\
   -6x + 3y + 2z 
\end{cases}
 \begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}
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