Gibbs phase rule

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Gibbs phase rule ^[1] ^[2] states that

F=C-P+2

where $F$ is the number of intensive parameters, $P$ is the number of phases and $C$ is the number of components.

Derivation

References

↑ Josiah Willard Gibbs "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", Transactions of the Connecticut Academy III pp. 108-248 (1876) (page images on gallica)
↑ Josiah Willard Gibbs "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", Transactions of the Connecticut Academy III pp. 343-524 (1878) (page images on gallica)

Related reading

David Ruelle "Statistical mechanics: rigorous results" World Scientific Publishing (1969) § 7.5 (pp. 190-192) ISBN 978-981-02-3862-9
G. Gutiérrez "Gibbs' phase rule revisited", Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 108 pp. 1222-1224 (1996)

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