Heat capacity

From the first law of thermodynamics we have

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the heat capacity is given by

$C={\frac {\delta Q}{\partial T}}$

At constant volume

$C_{v}=\left.{\frac {\delta Q}{\partial T}}\right\vert _{V}=\left.{\frac {\partial U}{\partial T}}\right\vert _{V}$

where U is the internal energy, T is the temperature, and V is the volume.

At constant pressure

$C_{p}=\left.{\frac {\delta Q}{\partial T}}\right\vert _{p}=\left.{\frac {\partial U}{\partial T}}\right\vert _{p}+p\left.{\frac {\partial V}{\partial T}}\right\vert _{p}$

where p is the pressure.