Stockmayer potential

The Stockmayer potential consists of the Lennard-Jones model with an embedded point dipole. Thus the Stockmayer potential becomes:

$\mathrm{\Phi }(r,{\theta }_1,{\theta }_2,\varphi )=4ϵ[{(\frac{\sigma }{r})}^{12}-{(\frac{\sigma }{r})}^6]-\frac{{\mu }^2}{4\pi {ϵ}_0{r}^3}(2\cos {\theta }_1\cos {\theta }_2-\sin {\theta }_1\sin {\theta }_2\cos \varphi )$

where:

• $\mathrm{\Phi }(r)$ is the intermolecular pair potential between two particles at a distance r;
• $\sigma$ is the diameter (length), i.e. the value of $r$ at $\mathrm{\Phi }(r)=0$ ;
• $ϵ$ : well depth (energy)
• ${ϵ}_0$ is the permittivity of the vacuum
• $\mu$ is the dipole moment
• ${\theta }_1,{\theta }_2$ is the inclination of the two dipole axes with respect to the intermolecular axis.
• $\varphi$ is the azimuth angle between the two dipole moments

If one defines the reduced dipole moment, ${\mu }^{*}$

${\mu }^{*}:=\sqrt{\frac{{\mu }^2}{4\pi {ϵ}_0ϵ{\sigma }^3}}$

one can rewrite the expression as

$\mathrm{\Phi }(r,{\theta }_1,{\theta }_2,\varphi )=ϵ\{4[{(\frac{\sigma }{r})}^{12}-{(\frac{\sigma }{r})}^6]-{\mu }^{*2}(2\cos {\theta }_1\cos {\theta }_2-\sin {\theta }_1\sin {\theta }_2\cos \varphi ){(\frac{\sigma }{r})}^3\}$

For this reason the potential is sometimes known as the Stockmayer 12-6-3 potential.

References

1. M. E. Van Leeuwe "Deviation from corresponding-states behaviour for polar fluids", Molecular Physics 82 pp. 383-392 (1994)