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| The '''second law of thermodynamics''' for a reversible change (that is to say that the system evolves through a succession of equilibrium states) can be written as
| | For a reversible change |
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| :<math>\left.dQ\right.=TdS</math> | | :<math>\left.dQ\right.=TdS</math> |
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| Thus for a closed system, having a fixed number of atoms/molecules, one has | | Thus for a closed system (<math>n</math> fixed): |
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| :<math>\left.dU\right.=TdS -PdV</math> | | :<math>\left.dU\right.=TdS -PdV</math> |
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| *[[Entropy]] | | *[[Entropy]] |
| *[[Non-equilibrium thermodynamics#Fluctuation theorem | Fluctuation theorem]]
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| *[[H-theorem]] | | *[[H-theorem]] |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references/>
| | # "Reflexions sur la Puissance Motrice de Feu et sur les Machines Propres a Développer cette Puissance" (1824) |
| ;Related reading
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| *Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot "Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance" (1824), printed in [http://www.numdam.org/item?id=ASENS_1872_2_1__393_0 Annales scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure Sér. '''2''', 1 pp. 393-457 (1872)]
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| *[http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.6894v1 Esther Hänggi and Stephanie Wehner "A violation of the uncertainty principle implies a violation of the second law of thermodynamics", arXiv:1205.6894v1 <nowiki>[</nowiki>quant-ph<nowiki>]</nowiki> Thu, 31 May 2012]
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| *[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4921558 K. S. Glavatskiy "Lagrangian formulation of irreversible thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics", Journal of Chemical Physics '''142''' 204106 (2015)]
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| * Arieh Ben-Naim "Discover Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: A Playful Way of Discovering a Law of Nature" World Scientific Publishing (2010) ISBN: 978-981-4299-75-6
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| * Arieh Ben-Naim "Entropy and the Second Law Interpretation and Misss-Interpretations", World Scientific Publishing (2012) ISBN 978-981-4407-55-7
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| [[Category: Classical thermodynamics]] | | [[Category: Classical thermodynamics]] |