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| The '''intermolecular pair potential''' is a widely used approximation. Real intermolecular interactions consist of two-body interactions, three-body interactions, four-body interactions etc. However, the calculation of even three-body interactions is computationally time consuming, and the calculation of only two-body interactions is frequent.
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| Such "effective" pair potentials often include the higher order interactions implicitly.
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| Naturally the interaction potential between atoms or molecules remains unchanged regardless of where one is in the phase diagram, be it the low temperature solid, or a high temperature gas. However, when one only uses two-body interactions such 'transferability' is lost, and one may well need to modify the the potential or the parameters of the potential if one is studying a hot gas or a cooler high density liquid.
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| ==Axially symmetric molecules== | | ==Axially symmetric molecules== |
| In general, the [[intermolecular pair potential]] for axially symmetric molecules, <math>\Phi_{12} </math>, is a function of five coordinates: | | In general, the [[intermolecular pair potential]] for axially symmetric molecules, <math>\Phi_{12} </math>, is a function of five coordinates: |