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A restatement of the ergodic hypothesis is to say that all allowed states are equally probable. This holds true if
A restatement of the ergodic hypothesis is to say that all allowed states are equally probable. This holds true if
the ''metrical transitivity'' of general [[Hamiltonian]] systems holds true. Recent experiments have demonstrated the hypothesis <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201105388  Florian Feil, Sergej Naumov, Jens Michaelis, Rustem Valiullin, Dirk Enke, Jörg Kärger, and Christoph Bräuchle "Single-Particle and Ensemble Diffusivities—Test of Ergodicity", Angewandte Chemie International Edition Early View (2011)]</ref>.
the ''metrical transitivity'' of general [[Hamiltonian]] systems holds true.
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Fermi-Pasta-Ulam experiment]]
*[[Fermi-Pasta-Ulam experiment]]
*[[Markov chain]]
*[[Markov chain]]
*[[Mixing systems]]
*[[Mixing systems]]
==References==
==References==
<references/>
#[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/17/12/656 George D. Birkhoff, "Proof of the Ergodic Theorem", PNAS '''17''' pp.  656-660 (1931)]
;Related reading
#[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/18/1/70 J. V. Neumann "Proof of the Quasi-ergodic Hypothesis", PNAS '''18''' pp. 70-82 (1932)]
*[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/17/12/656 George D. Birkhoff, "Proof of the Ergodic Theorem", PNAS '''17''' pp.  656-660 (1931)]
#[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/18/3/263 J. V. Neumann "Physical Applications of the Ergodic Hypothesis", PNAS '''18''' pp. 263-266 (1932)]
*[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/18/1/70 J. V. Neumann "Proof of the Quasi-ergodic Hypothesis", PNAS '''18''' pp. 70-82 (1932)]
#[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/18/3/279 G. D. Birkhoff and B. O. Koopman "Recent Contributions to the Ergodic Theory", PNAS '''18''' pp. 279-282 (1932)]
*[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/18/3/263 J. V. Neumann "Physical Applications of the Ergodic Hypothesis", PNAS '''18''' pp. 263-266 (1932)]
#Ya. G. Sinai "On the Foundation of the Ergodic Hypothesis for a Dynamical System of Statistical Mechanics", Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR  '''153''' pp. 1261–1264 (1963) (English version: Soviet Math. Doklady '''4''' pp. 1818-1822 (1963))
*[http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/18/3/279 G. D. Birkhoff and B. O. Koopman "Recent Contributions to the Ergodic Theory", PNAS '''18''' pp. 279-282 (1932)]
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RM1970v025n02ABEH003794 Ya G Sinai "Dynamical systems with elastic reflections", Russian Mathematical Surveys '''25''' pp. 137-189 (1970)]
*Ya. G. Sinai "On the Foundation of the Ergodic Hypothesis for a Dynamical System of Statistical Mechanics", Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR  '''153''' pp. 1261–1264 (1963) (English version: Soviet Math. Doklady '''4''' pp. 1818-1822 (1963))
#[http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?15-18.pdf Adrian Patrascioiu "The Ergodic-Hypothesis, A Complicated Problem in Mathematics and Physics", Los Alamos Science, '''15''' pp. 263- (1987)]
*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RM1970v025n02ABEH003794 Ya G Sinai "Dynamical systems with elastic reflections", Russian Mathematical Surveys '''25''' pp. 137-189 (1970)]
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384333 Jan von Plato "Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis", Archive for History of Exact Sciences '''42''' pp. 71-89 (1991)]
*[http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?15-18.pdf Adrian Patrascioiu "The Ergodic-Hypothesis, A Complicated Problem in Mathematics and Physics", Los Alamos Science, '''15''' pp. 263- (1987)]
# Domokos Ssász "Boltzmann's Ergodic Hypothesis, a Conjecture for Centuries?", Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica '''31''' pp. 299-322 (1996) [http://iml.univ-mrs.fr/~lafont/rencontres/esi098.pdf (reprint)]
*[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384333 Jan von Plato "Boltzmann's ergodic hypothesis", Archive for History of Exact Sciences '''42''' pp. 71-89 (1991)]
* Domokos Ssász "Boltzmann's Ergodic Hypothesis, a Conjecture for Centuries?", Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica '''31''' pp. 299-322 (1996) [http://iml.univ-mrs.fr/~lafont/rencontres/esi098.pdf (reprint)]
 
 
[[category: Computer simulation techniques]]
[[category: Computer simulation techniques]]
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