Van der Waals equation of state

The van der Waals (VDW) equation is

Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle \left.p={\frac {nRT}{V-nb}}-a\left({\frac {n}{V}}\right)^{2}\right.} .

where:

• $p$ is the pressure

• $V$ is the volume

• $n$ is the number of moles

• $T$ is the absolute temperature

• $R$ is the Gas constant; Failed to parse (Conversion error. Server ("https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_") reported: "Cannot get mml. Server problem."): {\displaystyle R=N_{A}k_{B}} , with $N_{A}$ being Avogadro constant

The VDW equation of state (EoS) takes into account two features that are absent in the Ideal Gas (EoS):

The parameter Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle b } introduces somehow the repulsive behavior between pairs of molecules at short distances, it represents the minimum molar volume of the system.

whereas Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a } measures the attractive interactions between the molecules