Universality classes

$d$	$n$	$\sigma$	$\alpha$	$\beta$	$\gamma$	class
						3-state Potts
						Ashkin-Teller
						Chiral
						Directed percolation
			0	$1/8$	$7/4$	Ising
						Local linear interface
			0	$1/2$	1	Mean-field
						Molecular beam epitaxy
						Random-field

Ising

The Hamiltonian of the Ising model is

$H=\sum _{<i,j>}S_{i}S_{j}$

where $S_{i}=\pm 1$ and the summation runs over the lattice sites.

The order parameter is $m=\sum _{i}S_{i}$

In two dimensions, Onsager obtained the exact solution in the absence of a external field, and the critical exponents are $\alpha =0$ (In fact, the specific heat diverges logarithmically with the critical temperature)

$\beta ={\frac {1}{8}}$

$\gamma ={\frac {7}{4}}$

$\delta =15$

In three dimensions, the critical exponents are not known exactly. However, Monte Carlo simulations and Renormalization group analysis provide accurate estimates

$\nu =0.632$

$\beta =0.22166$

$\gamma =1.239$

$\nu =0.03$

In four and higher dimensions, the critical exponents are lean-field with logarithmic corrections.

Mean-field

The critical exponents of are derived as follows :

Heat capacity exponent: $\alpha$

(final result: $\alpha =0$)

Magnetic order parameter exponent: $\beta$

(final result: $\beta =1/2$)

Susceptibility exponent: $\gamma$

(final result: $\gamma =1$)

See also

• Critical exponents