Stirling's approximation

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James Stirling (1692-1770, Scotland)

Because of [Euler-MacLaurin formula]

where B1 = −1/2, B2 = 1/6, B3 = 0, B4 = −1/30, B5 = 0, B6 = 1/42, B7 = 0, B8 = −1/30, ... are the Bernoulli numbers, and R is an error term which is normally small for suitable values of p.



Thus, for large N