Editing Polyamorphic systems
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Some solid compounds can exist in two or more '''polymorphs''' with different atomic structures but the same chemical composition. | |||
In the case of a pure element, this behavior is termed ''allotropy''. | In the case of a pure element, this behavior is termed '''allotropy'''. | ||
The existence of liquid polymorphs is known as ''polyamorphism'', i.e. the ability of a substance to exist in several different amorphous modifications. | The existence of liquid polymorphs is known as '''polyamorphism''', i.e. the ability of a substance to exist in several different amorphous modifications. | ||
Note: glasses are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, so such transformations do not correspond to true phase transitions from one stable liquid to another. | Note: glasses are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, so such transformations do not correspond to true phase transitions from one stable liquid to another. | ||
===Polyamorphic systems=== | ===Polyamorphic systems=== | ||
[[Realistic models | Real systems]] that present liquid-liquid transitions: | [[Realistic models | Real systems]] that present liquid-liquid transitions: | ||
*[[Carbon]] | *[[Carbon]] | ||
*[[Germanium]] | *[[Germanium]] | ||
*[[Butanol |n-butanol]] | *[[Butanol |n-butanol]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Phosphorous]] | ||
*[[Silica]] | *[[Silica]] | ||
*[[Silicon]] | *[[Silicon]] | ||
Line 15: | Line 14: | ||
*[[Water]] | *[[Water]] | ||
*[[Yttria–alumina]] | *[[Yttria–alumina]] | ||
===Models=== | |||
==Models== | |||
[[Idealised models]] that present liquid-liquid transitions: | [[Idealised models]] that present liquid-liquid transitions: | ||
*[[Buldyrev and Stanley model]] | *[[Buldyrev and Stanley model]] | ||
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*[[polyamorphism: Ramp model | Jagla ramp model]] | *[[polyamorphism: Ramp model | Jagla ramp model]] | ||
*[[Roberts and Debenedetti model]] | *[[Roberts and Debenedetti model]] | ||
*[[Square shoulder + square well | *[[Square shoulder + square well]] | ||
==General reading== | |||
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5206.1924 C. A. Angell "Formation of Glasses from Liquids and Biopolymers", Science '''267''' pp. 1924 - 1935 (1995)] | |||
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5298.322 Peter H. Poole, Tor Grande, C. Austen Angell, Paul F. McMillan "Polymorphic Phase Transitions in Liquids and Glasses", Science '''275''' pp. 322 - 323 (1997)] | |||
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35003088 Paul McMillan "Phase transitions: Jumping between liquid states", Nature '''403''' pp. 151-152 (2000)] | |||
#[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1104417 Jeff L. Yarger and George H. Wolf "Polymorphism in Liquids", Science '''306''' pp. 820 - 821 (2004)] | |||
[[category:Complex systems]] | [[category:Complex systems]] |