Maxwell speed distribution

The probability that the speed of a molecule of mass m lies in the range v to v+dv is given by

$P(v)dv=4\pi v^{2}dv\left({\frac {m}{2\pi k_{B}T}}\right)^{3/2}\exp(-mv^{2}/2k_{B}T)$

where T is the temperature and $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant. The maximum of this distribution is located at

$v_{\rm {max}}={\sqrt {\frac {2k_{B}T}{m}}}$

The mean speed is given by

${\overline {v}}={\frac {2}{\sqrt {\pi }}}v_{\rm {max}}$

and the root-mean-square speed by

${\sqrt {\overline {v^{2}}}}={\sqrt {\frac {3}{2}}}v_{\rm {max}}$

References

1. J. C. Maxwell "", British Association for the Advancement of Science 29 Notices and Abstracts 9 (1859)
2. J. C. Maxwell "", Philosophical Magazine 19 pp. 19 (1860)
3. J. C. Maxwell "", Philosophical Magazine 20 pp. 21 (1860)
4. J. Clerk Maxwell "On the Dynamical Theory of Gases", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 157 pp. 49-88 (1867)
5. J. S. Rowlinson "The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution", Molecular Physics 103 pp. 2821 - 2828 (2005)