LaTeX math markup
Note: this page is a subsection of the Wikipedia page Help:Displaying a formula.
Subscripts, superscripts, integrals[edit]
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered | |
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HTML | PNG | ||
Superscript | a^2 |
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Subscript | a_2 |
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Grouping | a^{2+2} |
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a_{i,j} |
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Combining sub & super | x_2^3 |
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Preceding and/or Additional sub & super | \sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b |
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{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4 |
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Stacking | \overset{\alpha}{\omega} |
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\underset{\alpha}{\omega} |
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\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}} |
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\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega} |
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Derivative (forced PNG) | x', y, f', f\! |
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Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML) | x', y, f', f |
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Derivative (wrong in HTML) | x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime} |
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Derivative (wrong in PNG) | x\prime, y\prime\prime |
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Derivative dots | \dot{x}, \ddot{x} |
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Underlines, overlines, vectors | \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c |
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\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f} |
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\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l} |
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Arrows | A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C |
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Overbraces | \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050} |
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Underbraces | \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26} |
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Sum | \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
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Sum (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
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Product | \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Product (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Coproduct | \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Coproduct (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Limit | \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
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Limit (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
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Integral | \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
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Integral (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
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Double integral | \iint\limits_{D} \, dx\,dy |
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Triple integral | \iiint\limits_{E} \, dx\,dy\,dz |
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Quadruple integral | \iiiint\limits_{F} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt |
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Path integral | \oint\limits_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
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Intersections | \bigcap_1^{n} p |
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Unions | \bigcup_1^{k} p |
Fractions, matrices, multilines[edit]
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered |
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Fractions | \frac{2}{4}=0.5 |
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Small Fractions | \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 |
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Large (normal) Fractions | \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 |
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Large (nested) Fractions | \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
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Binomial coefficients | \binom{n}{k} |
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Small Binomial coefficients | \tbinom{n}{k} |
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Large (normal) Binomial coefficients | \dbinom{n}{k} |
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Matrices | \begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} |
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\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix} |
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\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix} |
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\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix} |
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\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix} |
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\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix} |
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\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr) |
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Case distinctions | f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases} |
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Multiline equations | \begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ \end{align} |
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\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\ \end{alignat} |
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Multiline equations (must define number of colums used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed) | \begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array} |
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Multiline equations (more) | \begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array} |
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Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary | <math>f(x) \,\!</math> <math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math> <math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math> |
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Simultaneous equations | \begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases} |